Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Process for Converting Hydrous Bioethanol to Butanol
نویسندگان
چکیده
The purpose of the study was development water-resistant catalyst and catalytic processes for conversion hydrous ethanol to 1-butanol. Water, in ethanol, strongly inhibits 1-butanol on solid catalysts. In this study, nonstoichiometric P-deficient hydroxyapatite containing carbonate anions (C-HAP), Ca10−x/2(PO4)6−x(CO3)x(OH)2, displayed good performance Guerbet condensation hydrated 1-butanol, after proper stabilization reaction conditions. Hydrous (96 wt%) converted C-HAP formed as extrudates with silica binder at 400 °C weight hour space velocity (WHSV) = 0.5–1.0 h−1 yield 21–23% 73–74% selectivity. It stable operation up 170 h streams conducted bench mini-pilot rigs loadings 2 50 cm3, respectively. process simulation employed recycling without laboratory verification reach 68% theoretical techno-economic analysis demonstrated feasibility process, showing that it may be profitable depending prices
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Catalysts
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2073-4344']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11040498